SFMS Dental Practice Exam

Streptococcus mutans is the primary bacterium associated with dental caries, also known as tooth decay. This particular bacterium plays a crucial role in the development of caries due to its ability to metabolize sugars and produce acid as a byproduct. When sugars from food are consumed, S. mutans converts these sugars into lactic acid, which can demineralize tooth enamel and lead to the formation of cavities over time.

The presence of S. mutans in dental biofilms, or plaque, is significant because these biofilms can harbor high levels of acid production, especially in areas where oral hygiene is poor. Regular exposure to this acidic environment can erode tooth enamel and promote the progression of dental caries.

Other bacteria, while they may be involved in oral health, do not primarily cause dental caries in the same manner as S. mutans. For example, Staphylococcus aureus is typically associated with other infections and not primarily linked to tooth decay. Lactobacillus acidophilus, while it can be involved in the carious process, is more often associated with later-stage caries rather than the initial onset. Escherichia coli is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract and has no significant