Which step is part of the caries process?

The caries process involves a series of biochemical activities that lead to the demineralization of tooth structure. Decalcification of enamel is a fundamental step in this process, where the minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate, are dissolved from the enamel due to the action of acids produced by bacteria metabolizing carbohydrates. This demineralization is crucial because it marks the initial stage of dental caries development, indicating that the enamel is undergoing a pathological change that can ultimately result in cavitation if not managed properly.

Visual inspections alone do not diagnose or assist in the actual process of caries development; they are primarily a method of detecting existing problems rather than a step in the caries process itself. Immediate restoration of cavities comes after the caries have already formed and does not contribute to the process of caries development. While fluoride application is a preventive measure that helps to remineralize enamel and inhibit further decay, it is not a direct part of the caries process. Instead, it serves as a response to combat the effects of demineralization that have already begun. Thus, the decalcification of enamel is a core component of the caries process.